What is the role of open surgery?

What Is The Role Of Open Surgery?

Open surgery (open repair) is an option for severe cases of VUR

Surgery can be used for high-grade unilateral or bilateral VUR

The open surgical repair of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is most commonly used in grades IV and V VUR.1 Endoscopic injection has assumed the role of first-line VUR treatment whereas reimplantation remains reserved for cases of failed injection therapy or significant anatomical abnormalities.2

What do children experience with open surgery?

  • Prolonged hospital stay3
  • Post-operative pain or discomfort3
  • Possible complications such as bleeding, blockages of the ureters, bladder issues1

Deflux has comparable protection to open repair

  • A single head-to-head study reviewing charts of children treated with either Deflux or surgery to compare the incidence of febrile and febrile UTI occurrence postoperatively showed:4
    • Deflux postoperative rate of UTI recurrence: 5% (N=40)
    • Open repair postoperative rate of UTI recurrence: 24% (N=29)

Considerations of Deflux versus open surgery

  • Comparable success rates with significant advantages: outpatient surgery, lower morbidity, fewer complications and reduced cost5
  • Deflux is the preferred and most often used treatment among providers in academic settings for long-term cure of reflux.6
  • VUR correction with Deflux is generally a 15-minute outpatient procedure requiring short-acting general anesthesia versus a lengthier inpatient procedure requiring general anesthesia2
  • The procedure is considered minimally invasive with minimal post-operative pain and no need for urinary catheter7
  • Children can usually return to school or normal activities the day after the procedure versus a surgical reimplant that generally requires hospitalization for post-operative pain and temporary urinary catheter drainage.7

References:

  1. Capozza N, Lais A, Matarazzo E, Nappo S, Patricolo M, Caione P. Treatment of vesicoureteric reflux: a new algorithm based on parental preference. BJU Int. 2003;92(3):285-288. DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04325.x
  2. Cerwinka WH, Scherz HC, Kirsch AJ. Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid in children. Adv Urol. 2008; 1-7. DOI: 10.1155/2008/513854
  3. Ogan K, Pohl HG, Carlson D, Belman AB, Rushton HG. Parental preferences in the management of vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol. 2001;166(1):240-243. PMID: 11435878
  4. Elmore JM, Kirsch AJ, Heiss EA, et al. Incidence of urinary tract infections in children after successful ureteral reimplantation versus endoscopic dextranomer/hyaluronic acid implantation. J Urol. 2008;179:2364-2368. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.149
  5. Elder JS, Peters CA, Arant BS Jr, et al. Pediatric vesicoureteral reflux guidelines panel summary report on the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children. J Urol. 1997;157(5):1846-1851. PMID: 9112544
  6. Osumah T, Gearman D, Ahmed M, et al. Preference and use of minimally-invasive techniques in vesicoureteral reflux: correlating a crowdsourced survey and American board of urology case logs. J Urol. 2019;201(4S):e945. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.07.030
  7. Sung J, Skoog S. Surgical management of vesicoureteral reflux in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012;27:551-561. DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-1933-7